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Watching Television - Improve the Quality of Your Relationships By Watching Less Television

If you are the average person living in the United States you are probably watching about 19-20 hours of television each week. If we just turned off our televisions we could be so much more productive. Many people would find other ways to waste that same amount of time if they weren't watching television. So the real question is: Just how bad is it if you spend too much time in front of the television?

Probably the most important reason to stop watching television or at least to cut down the number of hours that you watch is related to your health. Both adults and children that watch several hours of television each day tend to be overweight and in poorer overall health than their counterparts who are not watching. This is because television viewing is a sedentary activity that requires no physical exercise. You are also more likely to eat more while you are in front of the television. Many people are surprised to learn that they have consumed so many extra calories while sitting in front of the tube. With the emphasis on eliminating obesity in both children and adults in the United States, cutting down on your viewing is probably a wise decision. Instead of watching for an extra hour go for a walk and spend some time talking to your friends and family.

Another reason to watch less is that your relationships suffer when you are focusing your attention on the television instead of the people around you. Decide when you will turn off the television and spend time together with your family members without any distractions. Some families chose to turn off the television for a half hour before they eat dinner and not turn it on again until a half hour after everyone has finished eating and everything has been cleaned up and put away. This gives you time to talk to each other and deepen your relationships with each other. Television shows are about other people's lives, not yours. Learn more about what your family members have been doing all day and what they think and care about in the world.

Television viewing is seen by some to be a relaxing activity but studies show that watching certain programs can be very stressful. If you are getting your news strictly from viewing it on television the graphic nature of how it is presented can be harmful to your emotional well being. This is especially true of children. They can be negatively affected by seeing crimes and fighting on television. Try to get most of your news from reading about it in the newspaper, magazines, or on the internet instead of viewing it directly.

See if you can agree with your family to only watch one hour of television each day for a week.

Record the shows you want to see so that you can eliminate the commercials. You may find that you will not have any interest in seeing shows you have recorded after a day or so has passed.
Make it a rule not to eat snack foods while sitting in front of the television.
Let each family member choose one show to record and have the entire family watch that show together. Use it as a time to discuss the issues that arise during the show.
Spend time together as a family in front of the television without turning it on. You may have become so accustomed to turning the set on that it has become almost like a friend. Wean yourself away from that behavior.
Play cards or board games in front of the television without turning it on. This will help you get to know each other and to listen to what the other person is saying.
After a week or two of limiting your television viewing habits you may find that you don't miss it as much as you thought you would. But remember that watching television is a habit that you can easily fall back into. Remind your family regularly about what you have all agreed to do regarding the television and help each other to remember your rules.

By making rules about watching television and strictly adhering to them, you and your family should benefit by having more time together, eating less snack food, having more to talk about to each other, and feeling more relaxed in your daily life.

Connie Ragen Green is a motivational writer, speaker, and mentor who turned off her television more than a year ago. To find out more visit her at http://greenhouse.typepad.com/law_of_attraction

Television Stands Don't Have to Be an Eyesore

If you have a television set in your bedroom or living room, you are probably well aware of the fact that television stands are not the loveliest thing in any type of décor. It is something about a television stand that just gets in the way of the eye, and those that are pleasing to it are usually not so pleasing to the pocketbook. Of course, rarely is there a television without one of the many different kinds of television stands to get in the way of everything. Luckily, there are ways to go about your home décor so that the furniture that holds your television set is hardly noticeable at all. Here are a few design ideas to get you started on calling the attention away from any of your mediocre television stands.

Go Floral in Your Home

Well, you don't have to go floral but getting some type of greenery in your home-especially in brighter areas like a living room, can take away from eyesores like that darn TV stand. As a matter of fact, small trees work very well for this purpose as do flowers, potted plants, and other such items. If you have flowers in a vase, those are only designed to last for a time, but flowers in a pot that you can tend to and will grow are excellent ways to start a design around even the ugliest of television stands.

Get a Television Armoire for a Bedroom

One of the places in which foul television stands are the hardest to hide is in the bedroom. If you have this problem but you are not really comfortable with putting your television on an end table or on top of the dresser, consider a television armoire. A television armoire is a great way to hide the television when you aren't watching it, and if you pick the right ones you can end up with a very nice piece of furniture to look at when the television set is actually hidden away as well.

Get a Hanging TV

If you don't have one already, you have most likely at least seen those plasma and LCD television stands that hang on the wall. Those are some nifty little televisions and a great way of displaying them, especially if you are not too big on space in your room of choice. These hanging television sets take up very little room and can easily be a center piece in any room in your home if you like. At the same time, wall mounted televisions easily eliminate the need for television stands whatsoever, and that is always a good thing.

Some television stands are a good thing; if you spend enough money you can get a really nice one. If you are over the idea of TV stands and would rather call attention to something else in the rooms of your home, you have got some ideas to work with, so take them and run.

Craig Thornburrow is an acknowledged expert in his field. You can get more free advice on Television stands at http://www.whereyoucanbuy.com

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Music and Television Programming: Good Inexpensive Production Music

Television has taken on an entirely new look and feel, even in the past decade. What was once an industry based on three major networks with very limited programs in the 1950's has erupted into many major networks and thousands of cable channels available throughout the world in every imaginable language. Television has truly become a three-dimensional experience for producers, directors, project coordinators and other professionals in the industry, not to mention a multi-dimensional experience for viewers. With a variety of genres and styles of programming available, from news programs and specials to different types and lengths of commercials, sit-coms, dramas, reality programs, game shows and countless others, being someone involved in television production is both wrought with opportunity and teeming with challenges.

Finding inexpensive background music and production music for television programs can be much more difficult than finding it for other types of media projects because the medium is so diversified and so societally pervasive. As a director or producer of television programs looking for ear-catching television music for your show, you have to be very cognizant of not only your target audience, but also what you are up against in your allotted time slot. Sometimes whether a show succeeds or fails has nothing to do with its quality. Success in television programming has more to do with what you are up against and the time and day your program airs. If you are producing a talk show, for example, you might be on at the same time as more than five or ten other talk shows. Or your program might conversely be when no other talk shows are on television, but at a time when typically people are more likely to watch news programs, Sit-coms or other types of programming.

Still, choosing the right television music can certainly help you make the most out of your particular project. Again, because of the diverse nature of television, there are many different types of production music and background music to choose from. There is music for commercials, music for dramas, music for news programs and specials, music for sit-coms and many others. As a producer of a television show, you probably also will have to consider how your music will blend in with the music of commercials that might air during your broadcast. Because the line between commercials and programming has been blurred, starting in the 1960's commercials have become an integral part of all television shows, sometimes not only on network television but also on cable television. Before the mid-1960's, commercials used to have to be signaled in all television programs by an announcement that they would begin. Similarly, announcers were responsible for signaling the return of the regular program. Now, there is not always any clear sign where the show ends and the commercial begins or vice versa. It's all about the timing.

Because Copyright Law has become stricter to account for the proliferation of diverse recorded music, finding and affording production music and background music for television programming has been further complicated. Before the 1980s, music in commercials and even on many television programs was limited to jingles and transitional music, most of which was instrumental or with very brief and simple vocals. Occasionally lyrics to popular music would be changed to fit a particular product or the theme for a show, a phenomenon that would not work easily or cheaply under today's copyright standards, and didn't come inexpensively then either. Still, while some pop and rock songs were re-recorded for television programs and commercials, the cost of licensing original recordings was very daunting until the late 1980s when it became more doable.

Today commercials use many popular songs as background music and production music, and many programs, particularly those geared towards young people use popular music regularly in an effort to promote burgeoning music groups. Television has become such a cultural phenomenon and a showcase for music that many shows, including "Dawson's Creek" and "The O.C." have even gone on to put out music compilations based on music heard in episodes of the show throughout specific seasons. Previously, songs were often used without artist consent, but thanks to stricter Copyright Law this is no longer a possibility. Still, most artists are willing to accept often high payment for use of their songs in popular television programs and enjoy the exposure they get as a result to very specific markets made up of people that will buy music they make in the future.

Using popular music in television programs and commercials can be incredibly expensive for the typical producer and director. Whether your show is a hit with a large budget, or a smaller show just starting out, you want to make an impact musically at minimal cost, as there are so many other elements to consider in the production of television projects. Fees for use of popular music can total thousands of dollars, and when you multiply that by how often you will probably use songs as themes, production music, background music and other incidental elements, the numbers can add up quickly. But, even though you want to save money on television music, you certainly don't want to skimp on quality.

What are your options when it comes to production music and background music for your television projects if you want to build a collection inexpensively and still honor the spirit of your project?

As a producer or director of television programs, you most likely travel in circles of artists and musicians. You might know some good composers or bands, or people you know might know some that would be happy to help with music for your project. Because of the almost culturally invasive nature of television, most struggling musicians or composers would not object to helping you out with your project in exchange for exposure and the chance to work on something beyond the norm. Many bands have been launched when their song was chosen as a theme song for a television series, and many composers have broken into the film, television and music industry after working on scores for television programs.

Finding under-appreciated talent in your network is a good option and often one that could help get you a deal on production music or background music, but it is by no means a simple solution, nor one that is long-term. If your show is a hit, or your theme song or the band that sings it is a hit, you will be morally, if not legally obligated to pay more for the music you are using. This either leads to the same problem you had before of expensive music or back to square one, looking for inexpensive television music.

Another option for inexpensive production music, and one that more producers and directors are choosing every day, is royalty free music provided by reputable music companies. Choosing royalty free music allows you access to a catalog of music in varying styles and can be downloaded directly from a centralized royalty free music company website online. Well-known companies such as Royalty Free Music.com give you music libraries with songs you can add permanently to a collection. This means you can build your own store of production music and use it in present and future projects. And because of the nature of the music, you just pay a very low upfront fee to satisfy all aspects of Copyright Law.

Television production gets more complex as time and technology progresses, but directors and producers will never lose the ability to control what production music and background music fits best with their projects. Television music is critical to keeping a program or a commercial at the top of its game, and helps communicate important themes to viewers. As a producer, director or project coordinator, the musical choices you make are some of the most important decisions.

Watch Television Online

Watch the next series of American Idol anywhere and anytime on your computer screen and sing and dance all the way to the bank. Its very easy to watch television online.

Are you like one of the tens of millions who can't wait for a new series of American Idol to come around? You can watch it and watch television online anytime. Don't you love to see these people, some of whom have been blessed with extraordinary talents coming forward to face the cameras and the lights, their talents being unearthed and discovered and reaching instant international fame? The idea behind the series is to take an ordinary person, usually young, and propel them into the spotlight, put them under pressure and see who comes through to earn their rewards. This is now easily viewable anywhere in the world if you watch television online.

If you, like most of us can't sing or dance to save yourself, then all you can do is sit back and enjoy the spectacle on your television screen in the comfort of your own home. Television audiences for the latter stages of the competition are amongst the highest on American television, and the American Idol now approaching its sixth series, seems to be growing all the time in popularity.

But let's say that not everyone in your family shares your enthusiasm for following the careers of rising young talent. Many homes have several televisions for that purpose; all linked to cable or satellite television and each with their own receiver costing quite a few dollars a year to hire. But nowadays the trend is more and more to say goodbye to the cable guy and move on to the latest software revolution that allows access to hundreds if not thousands of television channels through the internet that let you watch television online. All that is needed is a wireless internet connection and your computer or computers can become a television or televisions. It's as simple as that.

Or on the very night that the final of American Idol is due to be shown, you can't be around. You will be on a road trip or have to attend a business meeting or a family function. Instead of saying to yourself" How can people be so stupid as to get married on the day of the American Idol" final, you simply bring your laptop with you, and sneak of to watch it in another room where there is a broadband internet and you catch watch television online. You might discover several people, possibly including the bride and groom, looking over your shoulder trying to catch a view of who is going to take the prize.

And what does al this television viewing freedom cost? Not a lot, is the answer. These software programs can be bought on line for a one of price of around $50.00. Without doubt the finest value around in entertainment. Once you have the software downloaded, don't forget that you are no longer dependant of your current program supplier and you can bid them and each of their receivers "Bon Voyage". By investing in this software, you not only will be able to recover the money invested within three months at the most, you will have become part of a television viewing revolution and like many others watch television online. Makers of television sets, who have to foresee trends in technology, have begun to introduce televisions with built in receivers that can access the internet. This tells you that the TV/PC revolution is a reality and here to stay.

In the meantime till you gradually change all your television sets to incorporate this technology, what many people do is install another one or two broadband lines. Each is linked to a separate computer, which is linked to a television receiver, this mean that the options to watch television programs from around the World or double or even tripled. Someone can be watching "American Idol" while another member of the family is watching sports or current affairs of a cartoon for the children. And all this for $50. Who is the American Idol around here?

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Television And Education

As the amount of time that children spend watching television increases, so does the concern for how it affects their academic ability. Children are watching on average four hours of television a day, and extensive research is being made into the effects. However, there is currently no evidence suggesting that television watching affects children`s performance in school in a negative manner. In fact, modern research has found that there is a positive correlation between television viewing of 10 hours per week and sustained academic results.

Television can be a very useful academic tool, and has been used in the classroom for academic purposes since the 1970`s. The television programmes are used to assist children in various subject areas, and are used alongside other teaching materials, to give a well rounded approach to learning materials. This has proved successful as children prefer learning visually at a young age. In the past, few programmes were designed for this purpose. However, with the extent of research that has gone into children`s television and the input of governing bodies such as the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Communications Commission, this attitude has changed.

Research into the effects of television on children`s behaviour and performance has been in place since the 1950`s. However, with the formation of the Action for Children`s Television society in 1970, the research has been extensive and covering a variety of areas. The importance of the content of children`s television has created governing bodies on each television network to make sure they are fulfilling their public responsibility. The research is weighted against product demand, current issues and education, and aims to make sure that all characters are good role models. This includes removing stereotyping and encouraging social tolerance.

As a result, regular television now consistently shows programmes of an educational nature. These programmes can easily be found on channels such as national geographic, discovery, and the learning channel, as well as on general stations worldwide. It was the well known children`s television programme Sesame Street that was first broadcast in 1969 that changed the face of educational TV for children. It showed that children do not only learn through informative documentary style programmes but that they learn skills by modelling positive behaviours on television.

Research has found that repetition is central to a child`s education, and this applies to educational television viewing also. It states that reruns are useful as they create recognisable characters and situations which help children to learn about cause and effect, sequencing and also improve their understanding of people and the world around them. Children`s television programmes are repeated up to four times a year to maximise the potential, though of course, this also assists with costs.

Another useful feature of television is that it tackles difficult questions in the areas of morality and ethics. Through the medium of television, children are exposed to ideas and made aware of cultures that they can not necessarily experience for themselves. Television also assists with topics that are tricky to approach such as bereavement and bullying. As the subject is raised outside of the child`s environment, then it can be easier for them to discuss and deliberate over these subjects, particularly if they are relevant to their own experiences. Television is a popular medium of choice for conveying such ideas in classrooms around the world.

A final point to consider is that television is a visually stimulating medium and is of interest to children. Therefore, it can be used to assist reluctant learners by creating interest and removing pressure that can accompany traditional learning techniques.

Television is a useful educational tool if used correctly and in moderation. Television can assist with academic learning and also their social and emotional development. Although more research is needed, it is the attitude towards television and its uses that creates a successful environment in which children can learn.

This article is under GNU FDL license and can be distributed without any previous authorization from the author. However the author's name and all the URLs (links) mentioned in the article and biography must be kept.

This article can also be accessed from page TV_Education
Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for PoloMercantil.

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Buying A New Television - Educate Yourself First And Prepare For February 17th

Are you familiar with HDTV basics? Are HDTV and DTV the same thing? What do I need to know before purchasing a new TV?

Are you thinking about buying a new TV right now, or at some time in the near future.

Is your Television Ready for the Transition from Analog to DTV on February 17th, 2009?

THIS DATE is much closer than you realize.

A better understanding of the transition to Digital TV, and knowing these HDTV basics, will help you to be ready when it's time to consider a new television.

Buying a new television today can be overwhelming and involves more than just visiting your local television or electronics store. Shopping for a Digital TV or an HDTV can be confusing with all the abbreviations, terms, resolution, dpi, formats and the options that you can get on televisions today. And you thought that purchasing a new car was bad.

So What Do Consumer's Need to Know

There are so many decisions confronting today's unprepared consumer, just trying to navigate through this complex maze can be a daunting experience. However, many of these frustrations can be avoided by doing some homework before hand.

Things To Know Before You Go

What is Digital TV ... and is Not. What is the Digital TV Transition... and how it will affects you. How is HDTV different from all other television formats ... and How. Understand what you want and need, so you're not Sold something YOU don't want or need!

So Where Do You Start? Familiarize yourself with the different Terms and Classifications

TV Classifications:

NTSC Analog TV- (National Television Systems Committee), Traditional TV; now being phased out on February 17th.

ATSC Digital TV - (Advanced Television Systems Committee), DTV;

This is "SDTV" - Standard Definition TV - the new, (digital) TV Standard;

replaces NTSC Analog TV.

Integrated HDTV - or simply, HDTV; DTV with an Internal (built-in) High Definition TV Receiver.

This is able to Receive and Display all ATSC TV Signals - Including HDTV Signals.

Digital-HDTV - 'Capable' or 'Ready'- Digital TV that is able to DISPLAY HDTV - BUT ONLY with the addition of an EXTERNAL HDTV Receiver.

EDTV - Enhanced Digital TV - a classification* describing Digital TV's that are basically 'high-end' SDTV's. While these often include some type of technical features, added by the Manufacturer to enhance the picture, nevertheless, the picture quality does NOT equal HDTV. Technically, there is virtually no visual difference between an SDTV and an EDTV - with the possible exception of the higher price.

* For many Consumers, this classification is of questionable value; by paying more for a TV tagged "EDTV" the consumer is only getting what can best be described as an 'upgraded' SDTV. The question is, how 'up-graded' is it, if the TV simply meets the standard for SDTV?

Different TV Display Technologies:

CRT - (Cathode Ray Tube):Traditional TV Technology - The established standard for television displays; best overall value - picture quality and cost; major drawback is bulk and mass as size increases. Plasma Display - Ultra-thin design, High Contrast Ratings, 'Fixed Pixel' Display: Size up to 60+ inches; some display limitations - costly, high burn-in risk; picture quality affected by inability to display black-color; displays are extremely heavy and fragile; picture quality lost as pixels fade; many Plasma Displays do not display HDTV resolutions. Development continues.

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display: Thin design, size limitations; good computer monitor; sharp picture for static displays; problems displaying images in motion; many LCD Displays are not HDTV capable. Development continues.

LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) - Improved LCD Technology, may hold promise for future HDTV display; costly; manufacturing problems continue; development ongoing.

DLP (Digital Light Processor) - Uses Chip and Software Technology - exciting, alternative display technology; excellent HDTV display; eliminates most short comings of other technologies; moderate cost; some viewers question "softer" picture, and use of "color-wheel;" promising future - development continues.

TV Display Configuration:

Aspect Ratio

The width to height ratio of a TV Monitor or Program.

Aspect Ratio can apply to either the television monitor (hardware), or to the TV program format.

Traditional - (4:3) aspect ratio; the display has 'square' appearance. All Analog TV programs are in 4:3 aspect ratio.

New 'Wide Screen' (16:9) aspect ratio; the display is rectangular.

Digital TV (SDTV) programs can be in either 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio.

HDTV is always in 16:9 aspect ratio.

As you can see, consumers have a number of decisions to make, long before making their final buying decision. Understanding the basics of HDTV requires us to become familiar with an array of strange-new 'tech-speak' terms.

Examples:

Aspect Ratio - width to height (4:3) or (16:9); refers to the TV Display and to TV Programs.

Picture Resolution - 720-p; 1080-i; 480-i/p; - and recently added, 1080-p.

Progressive Scan - display method ("p" in 720-p)

Interlaced Scan - display method ("i" in 1080-i)

D/A - A/D - digital to analog and analog to digital converter

STB - Set-top Box (aka: Receiver, Tuner, Decoder or Descrambler)

OTA - 'over-the-air' or 'off-the-air' - refers to Local TV Broadcasts

These are just a few of the new terms you will encounter.

The Digital TV Enigma

As consumers begin their quest for information about the Digital and HDTV, they soon notice what seems to be an "Information-Void." Trying to get Useful, and Reliable information about what is needed to buy a digital television set can seem difficult.

Try asking questions regarding basic HDTV; for example: Does the Transition from Analog TV to Digital TV mean that everyone is forced to buy an HDTV? or, What is the difference between SDTV and HDTV; or What is needed to have High Definition TV reception in your home? Now compare the different answers you get or the lack of knowledge on the sales persons part.

Note: The seller must disclose or have posted information regarding the lack of digital capabilities of any television for sale to you the consumer. This is a government mandate.

In stark contrast, at the opposite extreme, is the continuous flow of 'misinformation' and 'disinformation.' This flood of unreliable information has inundated the general public. The path to useful and reliable information is littered with inaccuracies, fallacies and myths. And this is further aggravated by misleading advertising and marketing ploys.

As an example, here's a question asked repeatedly by perplexed consumers concerning the transition from Analog TV to Digital TV:

"Can you tell me if it's true, that "normal" TV is going to be stopped and everyone will be forced to buy an HDTV? I don't believe they can do this ... But if it's true, when will it happen?"

Okay, that's really two questions...

The answer to the first, is of course - NO, it's not true. At least not in the way the question is posed. While it is true that "normal TV" (meaning traditional NTSC-Analog TV) will end, replaced by ATSC-Digital TV, you will NOT have to buy an HDTV!

IMPORTANT NOTE: The FCC's mandatory transition from Analog TV to Digital TV does NOT refer to, nor mean 'High Definition Television!'

Note: If you choose to keep your analog television you can purchase a converter box that will make viewing your television possible. There are coupons to help with this purchase on the website listed below and it is free to print.

This highlights one of the primary sources of so much of the public's confusion concerning Digital TV and HDTV. These are two discrete terms, yet they are frequently used incorrectly - as if they were interchangeable words with the same meaning. They are NOT the same; they designate two distinctly different classifications of television.|

High Definition Television is 'digital'; however, HDTV is just one (1) of eighteen(18) 'Digital TV Formats' designated in the ATSC Standard.

It is important for consumers to understand that 'Digital TV' does NOT mean HDTV.

Digital television's "Standard Definition TV" - SDTV - is NOT equal to HDTV - High Definition Television.

So, it's up to each consumer to inform her/him-self on the basics of Digital-HDTV.

But - Be careful!

Don't take anything for granted; don't accept statements at face value.

Verify everything you hear or read about Digital-HDTV, comparing it with different sources.

The Digital Difference

Digital TV signals are made up of coded instructions - (the same 'bits' of 'ones and zeros' that make your computer work, and give life to 'CD's' and 'DVD's') - which are transmitted to your Digital Receiver, (aka: Tuner, Decoder or Set-Top-Box "STB") which in turn deciphers the code.

A Digital TV receiver isn't concerned with signal strength, or what conditions exist between your set and the transmitter. As long as the signal gets to the receiver, and the code can be read, the Digital TV is able to reproduce a near-perfect picture - virtually identical to the original, back in the TV Studio.

A distinct advantage of digital broadcasting is that bad reception is a thing of the past. One reason Cable TV caught on is because it delivers clear TV pictures without regard to the viewer's location. Viewers don't have to be constantly adjusting the antenna in an attempt to "tune-in" a weak signal from a distant transmitter to get a clear picture. Digital TV (DTV) eliminates the "snow" and "ghosting" caused by the weak signals from distant or blocked transmitting towers. If the analog television set does not receive a strong, undistorted signal from the tower, you will not get a perfectly clear picture.

Both digital and analog television signals weaken, the farther they travel away from the transmitting tower. On an analog TV, the picture slowly deteriorates from bad to worse as the distance between tower and receiver increases. However, the picture on a digital set will stay perfect until the signal becomes too weak for the receiver to distinguish between a (1) and a (0), at which point the image disappears completely.

This has been referred to as "the cliff effect" - the picture remains stable until it abruptly "drops off" the screen. This might be compared to sending Morse Code. As long as the person at the other end can make out the dots and dashes being transmitted they will be able to read the message. Once they lose the distinction between a dot and a dash they lose the message. Digital TV acts the same way; instead of sending dots and dashes, it sends millions of (1's) and (0's) every second.

As long as the TV Receiver can read the (1's and 0's) it displays a virtually perfect picture. The bottom line ... you either receive a 100% quality image, or nothing at all. What this means to the digital television viewer, is not having to worry about getting a "bad" picture. Either you have a picture or you don't. However, if you are receiving over-the-air, "OTA" (Over the Air) broadcasts, it is crucial for the antenna to be accurately directed towards the signal source - the transmitting tower of the station you are watching.

Adding an "H" to 'DTV' = W O W! While our objective is to become familiar with HDTV basics, so far we have focused mainly on Digital TV - DTV. What then is HDTV - High Definition Television? And what is the difference between DTV and HDTV?

DTV differs from NTSC-analog TV in the technology used to transmit the signal. And we looked at some of the reasons why Digital is better than analog. But when comparing Digital TV or "SDTV" (Standard Definition TV) to HDTV, the difference is as night and day! High Definition Television is digital television - BUT ... It's IMPORTANT to understand that Digital TV does NOT mean HDTV! HDTV is just ONE of (18) ATSC designated formats that comprise Digital TV. In High Definition Television, the picture displayed on your television screen begins as an HDTV signal captured by HDTV Cameras, (or converted from film or another format with HDTV Equipment). The HDTV Signal is transmitted to the HDTV Receiver and finally displayed on an HDTV-Capable TV Monitor. But it must also meet the ATSC Standards for High Definition Television in order for it to be "true" HDTV.

Note: It is more than likely you will confront mis-information stating that Digital TV in various configurations is 'high definition television.' This is NOT True! You may also be told that as long as the TV meets one or two criteria, or if it has been enhanced by the Manufacturer, using some proprietary engineering "magic," this makes it - "as good as" - HDTV. Again, NOT TRUE!

If what you want is HDTV, be sure the television you are considering, is really "True" High Definition Television. How Do you Know a TV is - HDTV? To answer this question a 'bit' of basic TV technology will be helpful.

It will be helpful in understanding some of the basic elements of HDTV by educating yourself. After all, this is a discussion about Digital-HDTV - possibly the most significant 'leap forward' in consumer-technology to impact our society in more than a century!

The image you see on your television screen is comprised of a series of horizontal lines. An electron gun 'shoots' energy beams (light) which strike a layer of phosphor on the inside surface of the picture tube, causing it to glow. These glowing lines create the image displayed on your TV screen. How they are formatted, which resolution is used, what standards are met, are some of the factors that determine the type of television picture you will receive.

TV Resolution.The quality of the picture displayed on the TV screen is primarily the result of the television's "resolution." Put simply, TV 'resolution' refers to how many horizontal lines are displayed on the TV screen.

Note - Although the horizontal lines are counted, (in this instance) this is referred to as the "Vertical resolution," because the lines are counted from top to bottom - or vertically. TV Resolution is sometimes expressed as the total 'pixel' count, which is a product of the number of lines and number of pixels per line

Why Is "Wide-Screen" TV The DTV Standard?

DTV sets are sold in two 'Aspect Ratios.' Aspect Ratio refers to the ratio between the horizontal (width) measurement and the vertical (height) measurement of the screen. This ratio is also used in reference to how the picture is transmitted and displayed on the screen. The two aspect ratios used in DTV are (4:3) and (16:9). That is, (4) units wide by (3) units high, and (16) units wide by (9) units high respectively. Your NTSC-analog television has an aspect ratio of (4:3); the screen appears almost 'square' because it has just slightly more width than height. For instance, a (4') wide screen would have a height of (3').

Go to the link below to find more information on the Analog to DTV Transition on February 17th, 2009 before your left in the dark.

This brief introduction to Digital TV and HDTV basics, provides an overview (intentionally simplified) of how DTV differs from traditional Analog TV, and how HDTV differs from Digital-SDTV; and a little about the Transition from Analog TV to Digital TV. This is just a start towards a better understanding of Digital TV. Now that you're familiar with some of the basics, you are better prepared to begin considering which Digital HDTV is right for you.

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What Is The Future Of Satellite TV Vis A Vis Internet Television?

The following article includes pertinent information that may cause you to reconsider what you thought you understood about the relationship between satellite television and Internet television. However, the most important thing is to read with an open mind and be willing to revise your understanding if necessary.

What Is Satellite Television?

Satellite television refers to television service beamed to subscribers via orbiting communications satellites high above earth from a distance of between - 22, 000 to 37, 000 miles making it possible for television programs to reach wider areas than was possible with either the traditional terrestrial or cable television which out reach was hampered by earth's curvature and distance.

When Was The First Satellite Television Aired?

It was in 1962 that the very first television signal was up linked from Europe on to the Telstra satellite and beamed over North America. Anik1 was the first domestic North American satellite launched in 1973 in Canada.

How Does Satellite Television Work?

Well, without going technical, it will interest you to note that the television signals you receive from communications satellites are really first sent up from ground stations via very big (9 - 12 meters) dishes to an orbiting satellite that in turn beams the signals down to earth and on to your receiver's parabolic dish's focal point and a LNB or low noise blocker component converts ands send the signals to your decoder box where the final conversion is done to the signals so that it becomes the sound and pictures you watch.

There are also different brands of mobile none parabolic dish receivers for use in vehicles and other mobile platforms. In this case satellite television signals are received with a satellite antenna and directed through a satellite decoder box and an oscillator converts it to L-band range of frequencies that an on-board electronics finally converts to the standard frequency usable by normal television sets.

What Is A TVRO?

Television Receive Only or TVRO is the forerunner of satellite television viewing at home. The very big dish size, about 3 - 6 feet, required to run C-Band frequencies of about four G Hertz meant that not most people could own it due to the very exorbitant cost of installing one, and the space for installation.

One other hassle with TVRO is that the big dish has to be moveable to keep track of more satellite, because C-Band satellites carry less channels than KU-band satellites. This dish movement, however makes it possible to receive free channels and feeds or even unedited C-Band news material being sent to headquarters by field correspondence or a news crew, they are usually not scrambled.

What Is Direct Broadcast Satellite Or DBS And What Makes It Better Than TVRO?

Once you begin to move beyond basic background information, you begin to realize that there's more to the future of satellite TV vis a vis Internet television software than you may have first thought.

DBS is satellite TV broadcast thorough Ku-Band satellites that work on higher frequencies with stronger signals than C-Band or TVRO, which makes it possible for you to install smaller dishes for receiving their signals.

People who live high up on apartment buildings favor the DBS since installing an 18 inches dish up there is possible. Another advantage of the DBS over TVRO is that the dish is stationary needing no maintenance plus, the installation is free in most cases.

This is made possible because DBS television satellites are usually in geosynchronous orbit that is stationary in the sky relative to the Earth, because each satellite is launched into space at around 7,000 mph to settle at around 22,200 miles above the Earth.

With this speed and height, the satellite revolves around the earth once every 24 hours in juxtaposition with Earth's own rotation. This is what makes it possible for your 18 inches dish to remain in a fixed position with the satellite without requiring adjustment.

What is Internet Television and Is It Better than Direct Broadcast Satellite?

Internet television as the name implies refers to Television programs streamed onto a PC or Laptop through the Internet. There are different types of Internet television services. Some of them are recorded rebroadcasts while others are live broadcasts made possible with ingenious software. You can connect to thousands of satellite television services simultaneously. A wide range of viewing choices - unlimited TV shows, Movies, Sports, Soaps and more.

You don't need any hardware such as decoder, wire, dish or antenna making. You can watch your favorite programs, even outdoors, from all over the world, so long as you have internet connection. Internet television is just a hassle free way of watching a lot more numbers of satellite TV programs and channels free of monthly satellite television subscription fees.

What Is The Future Of Satellite TV Vis A Vis Internet Television?

What would be the future of Satellite Television depends on several factors: For instance, even before the advent of Internet television satellite television companies did not depend on subscription fees for their survival.

Advertising pays a big chunk of the bill for you to watch satellite television even at the present rate you might consider very exorbitant

License fees are another way through which satellite television services are sustained. For instance, If you are in the UK and you have equipment that is capable of receiving TV signals then the law states you must pay for a TV license.

Today, there already exist broadcasters who use only advertising to pay for their service and so allow viewers free viewing of their programs, so in my opinion watching satellite television programs free on your PC or Laptop will not kill satellite television, rather Internet television will increase the number of viewers for satellite television services and lead to more and better priced advertising charges.

Of course, it's impossible to put everything about the future of satellite TV vis a vis Internet television software into just one article. But you can't deny that you've just added to your understanding about the future of satellite TV vis a vis Internet television software, and that's time well spent.

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Challenges of Selecting TV Mounts Compatible With Your Television

There is an inherent challenge in finding and selecting TV Mounts, online or off-line, that will enable you to attach your television to the wall or to the ceiling.

Often times, the limited space in your home or office, will require you to employ creative organization techniques in order to be able to decide the most appropriate placement of your television, within a room.

In doctors' offices, restaurants, day cares, and other offices, it often makes the most sense to utilize a ceiling mount configuration for the placement of the TV. In any environment where it is important to separate the TV from interference by the public, in the operation of the television set, a ceiling TV mount frequently offers the best solution.

Even in the home, TV wall mounts and TV ceiling mounts frequently offer the best solution to the consumer. Before the days of flat-screen TVs, placing a television in the kitchen often meant that the consumer would be required to give up precious cabinet space or shelf space to accommodate the television.

However, with the recent development of thin flat-screen televisions, it has become possible to mount a television to a wall, in some cases to utilize a TV Mount that employs hinges, which will enable the consumer to move the television so that it may be viewed from any location within a room.

TV Mounts have been utilized for the mounting of televisions in nearly every room of the home, including the bedroom, bathroom, laundry room, kitchen, dining areas, and living areas.

Outside the kitchen, the most frequent placement of televisions. in the home. utilizing TV Mounts has been in the living area. With the introduction of Plasma, LCD, and DLP televisions, the desire and the ability to mount televisions to the wall in a common living space has grown in lockstep with the development of new technology and selection.

Also driving the interest in wall mounting televisions is the size of the televisions being purchased. Only a couple decades back, the largest televisions a consumer could buy were 36 inches. With the development of projection TVs, 60 inch televisions became mainstream and part of everybody's Christmas wish list.

With the large demand for big-screen projection TVs, television manufacturers began doing the research into developing TVs that could produce a nice picture, but overcame the number one flaw projection TVs. That flaw in projection TVs was not in the quality of the picture or in its cost - the flaw in projection TVs was the astronomical size of these televisions. Far too often, the placement of a projection TV in somebody's living room was enough to reduce the comfortable living space in a room. Unless the consumer lived in a mansion upon the hill, the projection TV had the capability to swallow any room that it was placed into.

Different manufacturers went different ways in the development of new televisions that would deliver a great picture, yet require a smaller footprint in a room. Some manufacturers pursued plasma TVs, and others invested heavily in LCD TVs. Out of the gate, Hitachi developed one of the best plasma televisions in the marketplace. At the same time, Sony was pursuing the development of LCD TVs. To this day, Sony is responsible for developing the most popular and highest selling LCD televisions in the marketplace. Samsung took a different track, by pursuing the development of the DLP TVs. DLP televisions have not yet gained the same level of acceptance that plasma and LCD televisions have gained.

With the development of plasma-display TVs and liquid crystal display (LCD) televisions, came the ability for consumers to wall-mount their new televisions.

You might assume that the television manufacturers would have designed their televisions in such a way that a standard wall-mounted bracket could be used with all of the TVs, from one manufacture. If you were to assume such a thing, you'd be sadly disappointed.

There are cases where a particular TV Mount can be used with a variety of television models. But those kinds of TV Mounts are the exception, rather than the rule.

It is possible to find TV mounting brackets that are defined as compatible with specific television models. In other cases, the definition of how a TV mount can be used will be dictated by the size of the television. In this second case, the TV mount will suggest that it can be used with, for example, a 17 inch to a 24 inch television at a particular style. For ceiling mounted TVs, most are designed to accommodate a tube television. For wall-mounted TVs, TV Mounts can be purchased for nearly every television currently available.

It is often in your best interests, to have handy the model number of your television set when shopping for a TV mount for your home or office. In the event that you are unable to find a specific TV Mount for your television, then you should have handy the measurements of your television to enable you to find a more generic TV Mount.

If you find the selection of TV Mounts to be more challenging than you would like, visit my website shown below to see if I can offer you any help for your specific television mounting challenges.

Coalton Cassady writes for the http://maxroo.com/ website, which is dedicated to helping consumers learn what they need to know to be able to make educated and intelligent decisions about their purchases. One topic he has tackled that is of great interest to many consumers is TV Mounts, used to mount televisions to the wall or ceiling. Learn more at: http://tvmounts.maxroo.com/

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History of the Media, Radio, and Television

When were the forms of media created? When did advertising first show up? Who owns the media?

Creation of the various forms of media

*

Newspapers & Magazines ~ 1880

*

Movies ~ 1910

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Television ~ 1945

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Cable Television ~ 1980's

*

Satellite Television, Internet, Digital Communication ~ End of the 20th century

In 1920, radio was first developed, primarily for use by the military, strictly for sendingHistory of the Media - Old Radios messages from one location to another. David Sternoff, the then-president of RCA, first had the idea to sell radio sets to consumers, or what were then called radio receivers. However, consumers needed a reason to buy radios, so RCA was the first to set up radio stations all over the country. Between 1920 and 1922, 400 radio stations were set up, starting with KBKA in Pittsburgh. Stations were also set up by universities, newspapers, police departments, hotels, and labor unions.

*

By 1923, there were 600 radio stations across the United States, and $83 million worth of sets had been sold.

The biggest difference in radio before and after 1923 was that the first advertising was not heard on the radio until 1923. RCA at the time was made up of four companies:

*

AT&T

*

General Electric

*

United Fruit

*

Westinghouse

United Fruit was one of the first global corporations, and one of the first to advertise on the radio. The AT&T division of RCA first thought about selling time on the air to companies, which marked the start of "toll broadcasting." WEAF was the first station to operate this way, causing widespread outrage, and accusation of "polluting the airwaves."

Because of this controversy, the practice of selling advertising time was called "trade name publicity." Sponsors linked their name with a program on the air, rather than advertising a specific product in a 30 second "commercial" as we know it today.

Why did AT&T decide to experiment with charging companies for air time?

AT&T was not making any money from broadcasting at the time since they only made transmitters, not receivers. They only made money when new radio stations bought the equipment required to broadcast. They did not make money from consumers buying radios.

AT&T also started the practice of paying performers for their time on the air, rather than only volunteers, which was standard practice for radio content up until that point.

The first radio network

In 1926, RCA set up the first radio network, NBC. They decided it was more effective and efficient to produce shows in New York City, and then link the main radio station with stations all across the country, connected by AT&T (another RCA company) phone lines. (Now television networks are linked by satellite to their affiliates).

This was the beginning of the network affiliates system. The ideal network makes sure everyone in the country is capable of listening to their signal. NBC at the time had two philosophies:

*

Radio content was a "public service," whose function was to sell radios.

*

Radio content was designed to generate income from advertising.

History of the Media In 1927, the second network was formed. It was CBS, started by William Paley. Paley was the first to think that networks could make money strictly from advertising, not even getting involved in the sales of radios. Like AT&T, CBS did not make radios. From the start, they made their money from selling advertising.

The rising of radio networks caused the Radio Act of 1927 to be passed, which established the FRC, or what is now known as the FCC, to allocate broadcast licenses. The need for such an organization was brought on by the fact that airwaves are limited resources, and broadcasting itself is a scarce public resource. By the 1930's, the structure of radio have been set by the commercial format, although advertising never dominated radio like it would television later on.

In the 1920's and '30's, radio programs were divided into two groups. Sponsored shows, which had advertisers, and unsponsored shows, which did not. The radio station paid for the unsponsored shows. The sponsored shows, on the other hand, were created entirely by the company sponsoring the show; advertisers were totally in charge of the radio station's content. The content became advertising. Radio set the precedent for television, in that the same companies that controlled radio early on went on to control television.

Soon thereafter, television inherited the structure of radio. In the '40's, during the rise of television, RCA also held a monopoly on all television sets sold. By 1945-1955, advertising had taken over all of television. Television was organized around the premise of selling things. The entire television industry was creating a political atmosphere of suspicion and fear. Senator Joseph McCarthy, the founder of McCarthyism, which was based on the fear of Communism, and the HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee, began to question people involved in television about their beliefs and associations.

What affected television in its early stages?

*

Politics (McCarthyism / HUAC).

*

Blacklists: From almost the inception of television, many writers, directors, and actors were considered to be pro-Communist and/or un-American.

Certain topics were totally off-limits at the time for television, particularly issues of race relations in the 1960's. Overall, networks were not happy with the political situation for television in the 1960's, both in terms of the blacklists, and of the fact that when every show had one sponsor, that sponsor controlled the entire program. Networks preferred to control the program, by way of moving to multiple sponsors/advertisers, where networks would retain control of the show, and advertisers would buy time in between the programming.

In the 1950's, networks decided to eliminate the practice of sponsors controlling the shows with a move to spot selling, or advertisements between programs, as we know it today. What caused the move to spot selling?

1.

Discovery of fraud in the quiz shows on television. Quiz shows were extremely popular at the time, and were liked by the networks, the sponsors, and the viewers alike. It turned out, however, that quiz shows were largely fixed. Charles Van Doren on "21" became a huge star due to his repeated wins, until it came out that the whole thing had been fixed. In the case of "The $64,000 Question," the owner of Revlon was personally hand-selecting the winners and losers on the show.

2.

It was becoming financially difficult for just one advertiser to support an entire show.

Around this same time came the inception of ratings to measure a show's popularity. Ratings, quite simply, measure the number of people watching a show. To understand why ratings are so important, it's crucial to understand how the television industry works, through three questions, and their respective answers:

1.

Who owns television? [The networks]

2.

What is sold on television? [Viewer's time, not television shows]

3.

Who are the customers of television? [Advertisers, not viewers]

This might be a counterintuitive concept for some. The networks, which own television, areHistory of the Media - Old Television the buyers of shows, not the sellers. On the other hand, they sell our eyeballs, so to speak, to advertisers. Networks want the maximum possible profit from buying and selling time, both viewers' time, and advertisers' time.

The primary measure of television ratings, which determine the price of that time being bought and sold, is AC Nielsen, an independent company which provides information as to who watches what on television. Currently, about 4,000 households are used to represent the national viewing of television. In the 1980's, only 1,200 households were used. Some households have an electronic device installed on their television which tracks what they watch, while others keep a diary of viewing habits.

There are two measures for determining a show's audience. One is the rating, and the other is the share.

*

Rating: Percentage of total homes with televisions tuned into a particular show.

*

Share: Percentage of those watching television at a particular time who are tuned into a particular show.

The share is always greater than the rating. Ratings are more important for advertisers, and share is more important to the networks.

Example:

*

Total households with televisions: 150 million

*

Total households watching television at 8pm on Monday nights: 90 million

*

Total households watching American Idol at 8pm on Monday nights: 45 million

*

Therefore: Rating: 30, Share: 50

It's important to note how many factors can skew the results. Shows cost producers much more than the networks typically pay them for those shows. The way for producers to make money is by getting the networks to renew the show, in order to have a shot at making money from syndication on other channels, also knows as reruns. That is the case when individual stations (say for example, the Miami affiliate of ABC wants to carry Seinfeld), buy the rights to a show from the producers of that show. Shows that last only one season, for the most part, lose millions of dollars. One of the most important factors in whether shows will be renewed or not is their rating.

This brings us to how ratings can be skewed. For example, if a show has a 20 share, and it needs a 25 share to be renewed for another season, what might the producers do? In principle, they need to convince another 5% of the people watching television when their show is on to watch their show; this is no simple task, as that involves convincing millions of people. However, since the ratings are based on those 4,000 Nielsen households, that means that they could convince just 200 Nielsen households to watch their show, which would increase the share from 20 to 25. This is why Nielsen households must be kept totally secret from the networks. When the Nielsen households have leaked to the networks, one way which they got people to watch their show was by offering viewers a small sum of money for filling out a survey about a commercial which they were told would play only during a particular show. Since they had to watch that channel while their show was on, this would boost the share.

Once ratings are determined, advertising prices are set by two factors:

* The size of the audience.

* The demographics (income, age, gender, occupation, etc) of the audience.

In short, the job of television programs is to collect our time as a product, which they then sell to advertisers. Programs have to support the advertising, delivering viewers in the best possible state of mind for buying when the time for the commercials comes, which brings us to the Golden Age of Television.

The 1950's are considered the "Golden Age of Television." During this time, something called the "Anthology Series," where different actors each week took part in a show gained History of the Media - I Love Lucypopularity across the board...that is, with everyone except for advertisers. The anthology series format was not right for advertisers, as it covered topics which involved psychological confrontations which did not leave the viewers in the proper state of mind for buying the products shown to them between program segments. The subject matter of the anthology series was of the type that undermined the ads, almost making them seem fraudulent.

This brought up the question of what to network executives actually want shows to do? The answer is not to watch a program that makes them feel good, makes them laugh, or excites them, but rather to watch the television for a set amount of time. With so many new shows being proposed, standards began to be intentionally, or unintentionally, laid out for what shows could and couldn't do. Risks could only be taken at the beginning and/or end of shows. Laugh tracks were conceived to tell the audience when to laugh. Programs began being tested with audiences prior to being put on television and/or radio. Show writers now had to write shows that would test well.

Naturally, this caused many of the same elements and themes to appear in all shows. This was the beginning of recombinant television culture, where the same elements are endlessly repeated, recombined, and mixed.

This same culture is what perpetuated the idea that people watch television, not specific shows. While people certainly choose to watch certain shows instead of others, people less commonly choose to watch television instead of other things. People watch television. Regardless of what was on, television viewing rates were extremely stable.

The Impact Of LCD Television

LCD televisions are usually brighter than plasma TVs, and many can double as a computer monitor or media-center display. LCD televisions are now coming out bigger and at prices that are really starting to compete with those of similar-size plasma TVs. LCD televisions tend to have a slightly slower response time than their plasma counterparts. LCD televisions use less energy that their plasma counterparts and tend to have a longer lamp life (although recent advances in plasma technology have made the lamp life issue almost a moot point).

LCD

LCD Television technology has advanced greatly, particularly with respect to the reproduction of black levels. Large LCD televisions can literally be hung on the wall, while smaller sets, up to 21-inch screen size, can easily fold under a wall cabinet. The only major drawback with LCD television sets is that larger screen size LCD panels are usually more expensive than their plasma equivalents. Though LCD Television sets are turning out to be even more affordable than ever, with 40-inch LCD TV sets selling almost on par with similar screen-size plasma televisions, yet LCD televisions still represent an expensive investment.

Although Plasma TVs seem to be getting all the attention in this area, the LCD television is also making an impact. Plasma televisions share most of the same characteristics as LCD televisions, but do show strength in areas that LCD's come up short. Many people feel that and LCD television showing a blank, black picture, can appear almost gray in contrast to the plasma image which is much closer to a true black. Up until recently, it was rare to see an LCD television in a 37-inch screen size. Size is still an issue with respect to LCD Television.

Smaller sizes are therefore the rule when in comes to LCD Television. These new LCD Televisions are all set to go head-to-head against plasma screens for the future of TVs. The main things one has to see are the size of the LCD Television and the price of the TV. You have to see the factor called the higher Color depth, of the LCD Screen the ability of the Screen to show more number of Colors, shorter response times by which the LCD Television is able to show even fast moving objects with out blurring the fast movements.

LCD

LCD's on the other hand look best when viewed straight on. LCD panels have been used for a number of applications, including computer monitors and television displays.

Television

Television (TV) product specifications are obtained from merchants or third parties and although we make every effort to present accurate information. Burn-in is no longer much of a concern as it used to be with plasma televisions up to the recent past, especially for people with normal TV viewing requirements. Flat panel televisions are quickly becoming quite commonplace on store shelves and in consumers' homes. Sony Bravia KDL-40V2500 40-inch 1080p LCD Television The Sony KDL-40V2500 is a 40-inch 16x9 LCD television with a native pixel resolution of 1920x1080 (1080p) and a real world contrast ratio of 1,300:1. The detail, color consistency, and contrast, on this LCD television is great.

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The Basics of Plasma Televisions

Are you thinking about buying a plasma television for your home? As you may already know, Plasma televisions are becoming increasingly popular as of late, as the prices of Plasma Televisions are becoming more and more affordable each passing year. Plasma televisions can provide excellent viewing experience, and are perfect for those who want to enjoy a high quality home theater.

As with most technology purchases, there are advantages and drawbacks associated with this type of television as well. If you are new to Plasma TV, making a purchasing decision can be a little difficult. So before you rush out to buy your new Plasma television set, it's important to at least understand the basics of plasma television first.

Image Quality

One of the primary reasons that plasma televisions are so popular is their high quality image displays. Plasma television displays are bright and crystal clear, have a very wide color gamut, and also available in fairly large sizes. The large size is actually very interesting because it is something that a typical television sets could not be made without affecting the quality of the screen. These types of televisions (Plasma) offer very high resolution images with sharp details and true to life color.

Convenient

Plasma television sets can easily blend into the design of just about any room. These television sets are very thin in design when compared with other television, and can allow you to better utilize the square footage of your home. So instead of taking up a significant amount of floor space, plasma televisions can be hung directly on the wall or placed on a compact stand.

Longevity

Plasma televisions are not the most durable or long lasting television sets available. These types of television sets are difficult, if not impossible to repair. They generally last about seven years with normal usage. However, they are fragile and subject to irreparable damage when being moved from one location to another.

Pricing

Plasma televisions are priced at the mid range of television technology. They are less expensive than LCD television sets, but cost significantly more than analog sets.

Is a Plasma Television Right for You?

If you want to enjoy an affordable, high quality television viewing experience, a plasma television set can be a good choice for you. However, if you're looking for a set that will last for a decade or more, and can stand up to the rigors of frequently moves, you may want to choose a different types of television set.

Buying a Plasma Television

When you are in a store comparing with different plasma TV sets, remember that the employees there can be very helpful to you, especially since plasma TV is such a large ticket item for them. Therefore it is more likely that they are going to be more than willing to let you do or ask things that you normally would not be able to. And in terms of testing out the product, make sure you like it before you make your final purchase decision.

Learn more about Plasma Televisions at http://www.e-plasma-tv.com You'll find informative articles, reviews, manuals, shopping guide and more about Plasma TV.

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Plasma Television - It's a Gas

You can easily get overwhelmed by be the wide array of television sets that are now available if you want to shop around for a television set. In this day and age, there are a lot of state of the art television sets from the Asian region. There are also innovative display systems like liquid crystal display televisions and plasma televisions in the present market.

The cathode ray tube technology is the technology that is used in the tried and tested conventional televisions that most of us have grown up with. A cathode gun forms an image on a glass screen by charging and firing electrons on the screen. These images form as pixels in the three basic colors, which can produce millions of colors when combined. This technology has been fine tuned and developed through the ages to give us great television monitors. However, there are certain limitations to what the conventional cathode ray tube television can do.

For example, the screen of the cathode ray tube or conventional television has a size limitation because it is built of glass. Most conventional televisions which use the cathode ray tube technology are less than 42 inches in size. This size is the diagonal distance between from one end to the other and not the height or width of the television. This means that the biggest conventional television you can have is around 42 inches. Conventional televisions are also bulky, restricted in image size and confined to the limitations of the box they are built in.

Newer display technologies have resulted in better, modern televisions like the plasma television. The older cathode ray tube technology has been left behind in favor of an atomic technology in modern televisions. Our viewing experience has been enhanced by our ability to manipulate and control the behavior of atomic particles. This is the technology that is being used in a plasma television. A plasma is a gas that contains freely flowing ions and electrons. Photons are released and provide illumination when an electric charge is passed through this plasma.

This illumination is used by the rest of the technology in plasma televisions to create the three primary colors and to display them as images. This modern television also varies the intensity of the illumination to produce color changes in the same way the cathode ray tube televisions use different intensities of particles to produce different colors.

Most of the drawbacks of the conventional television are negated in the design of the plasma television. Size is no longer a restriction because the bulky cathode ray tube is not being used. The plasma television is also very thin so bulky boxes are not required. These days, most plasma televisions appear more or less like works of art hanging in your living room.

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Booming: Television News Channels in India

News programmes have suddenly become hot property and are vying for attention with other popular programmes telecast in different channels. All major television broadcasters are including at least one news channel to their bouquet. The biggest headache for launching a satellite channel is programme software for round the clock. In this juncture, newsgathering is a major task for the 24-hour news channels. To cater this task, the emerging electronic channels have always made an attempt to cover all the incidents irrespective of position, location and time. These channels not only revolutionized the concept of news on Indian television but also changed the news formats. Before 1990s, Doordarshan had monopolized newscast on Indian television and also turned the news programs into a dowdy exercise. Now the private channels made the news an essential commodity like food, cloth and shelter. The strong point of all today’s news bulletins is their topicality, objectivity, glossy editing and high-quality visuals. News has traveled a long way from the DD era. From Local events to International events, breaking news to news analysis, television soap to page3 news, every happening comes under purview of news. In this article, we have covered some significant changes in news broadcasting in India before and after the Gulf War.

Indian Television - Flash Back

Television in India is undergoing significant changes in the current liberalized environment. To understand these changes, one needs to have some brief idea of the road covered by the television channels so far. The journey started as an experimental basis with a financial grant from UNESCO in 15th September 1959. The makeshift studio at Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi was chosen for location of the experiment. The experiment started with one-hour program, broadcast twice a week, on community health, citizen rights, education and traffic sense etc. As far as news is concerned, it was launched exactly six years after the inception of television broadcasting. Daily one-hour program with a news bulletin was served to the Indian viewers. But one major drawback of television was that you could not enjoy the original colour of the objects because of black and white transmission. First multi-color programme was the Prime Minister’s address to the nation from Red Fort in Delhi on India’s 35th Independence Day. In the same day, DD National channel was launched. The aim of launching the National channel is nurturing national integration, and inculcating a sense of pride in Indians. Indian viewers also enjoyed the colored version of the Asian Games hosted by New Delhi in their drawing room. The coverage of major events and different occasions lend a big hand behind the infiltration of television signals to the nook and corners of the subcontinent. Indian Government had taken all possible steps to expand the television broadcasting demographically and geographically. In 1983 television signals were available to just 28% of the population, this had doubled by the end of 1985 and by 1990 over 90% of the population had access to television signals. In 1984, DD Metro channel was added to provide an exclusive entertainment for the urban viewers. In the beginning, this channel was confined to metropolitan cities.

As a public broadcaster, Doordarshan presented the news in naturalized manner. All controversial issues were pushed under the carpet. The ruling government had a strong hold on the television broadcasting. Doordarshan news bulletins were unable to provide the international news to the national viewers. Objectivity had been the first casualty as news was invariably slanted to suit the party in power. The news was liberated from the confines of the DD newsroom and gained in objectivity and credibility when New Delhi Television (NDTV) produced ‘The World This Week’ in 1988. Everyone was waiting for the Friday night to watch ‘The World This Week’. This was the only India-based programme, which looked out at the rest of the world. The World This Week was the best current affairs programme on the international scenario and carried good stuff of news, which the regular DD news was failed to carry out. This program is ranked as one of the country’s finest and most popular television shows. In 1989, NDTV produces India’s first live televised coverage of the country’s general elections. The critical and commercial success of the coverage sets a new standard for Indian television. After the Gulf War the media panorama has changed forever.

Golf War – The Catalyst

Post-1990 satellite television in India has become transnational in nature. It coincided with the entry of multinational companies in the Indian markets under the Government policy of privatization. International satellite television was introduced in India by CNN through its coverage of the Gulf War in 1991. In August 1991, Richard Li launched Star Plus, the first satellite channel beamed the signal to Indian subcontinent. Subhash Chandra’s Zee TV appeared in October 1992. It is India’s first privately owned Hindi channel to cater the interest of Indian viewers. This ignition followed by Sony and a little later by domestic channels such as Eenadu, Asianet and Sun TV. Entertainment programs had begun to occupy center stage in the organization’s programming strategies and advertising had come to be main source of funding. Doordarshan’s earlier mandate to aid in the process of social and economic development had clearly been diluted. Doordarshan had faced a stiff competition in news and public affairs programming with international channels like BBC and CNN. Doordarshan planned to sell some slots for news programme under sponsored category. In February 1995, NDTV becomes the country’s first private producer of the national news ‘News Tonight’, which aired on the country’s government-owned Doordarshan set a new landmark for Indian television because of its on-the-spot reporting with pertinent visuals. In the same year, TV Today Network occupied a 20 minutes slot in DD Metro channel and aired a Hindi and current affairs programme ‘Aaj Tak’. This programme became popular for its comprehensive coverage and unique style presentation by Late S. P. Singh. Still we remembered the sign-up message “Ye Thi Khabar Aaj Tak, Intizar. Kijiye Kal Tak”. Large number of viewers across India had been watching Aaj Tak as a daily habit because of its innovative style of news presentation. Besides that Nalini Singh’s five-minute fast paced, condensed daily news capsule Ankhon Dekhi, TV Today Network’s Business Aaj Tak and Newstrack was aired on the Metro channel of Doordarshan. This is the period when satellite channels concentrated on entertainment programmes for their respective channels. Doordarshan was still ruled the most wanted area ‘news’.

Major Players

Doordarshan’s monopoly was broken in 1992, when private television channels infiltrated into the Indian boundaries and entertain the viewers as much as possible. In the beginning of 1990s, the private channels offered only entertainment programmes. The entertainment programs include family drama, comedy serials, children programmes, cartoons, movies, talk shows, recipe shows, musical concerts, non-fiction programmes etc. Private entertainment channels added some infortainment programmes to their Fixed Point Charts (FPC). Keeping the demand of infotainment programmes in mind, the media houses started to produce news magazines, entertainment magazines and news programmes for different channels. India’s premier business and consumer news broadcaster and a leading media content provider, Television Eighteen India Limited (TV18) started India’s first ever entertainment magazine ‘The India Show’ on Star Plus in 1993. This emerging media powerhouse provided prime time television content to almost all leading satellite channels in India including BBC, Star Plus, Sony Entertainment Television, Zee, MTV and Discovery. After The India Show, TV18 produced a weekly business news program India Business Report for BBC World. Indian viewers had very limited options (like public service broadcaster Doordarshan, BBC and CNN) for watching the television news. For televised news, the viewers had to watch Dordarshan and some international news channels like BBC or CNN. In this race to provide more news, more information, Zee Television jumped into the battlefield by launching the news channel Zee News in 1995. This News and current affairs channel revolutionized the way news was delivered to the viewers. Since its inception Zee News has endeavoured to be the fastest to provide news, working towards a single goal of Sabse Pahle (Always First). The other round-the-clock news channel, the Murdoch-owned Star TV beamed its exclusively 24-hour news channels, Star News in 1998. Star made a contract of five year with Prannoy Roy-owned NDTV (New Delhi Television Company) to provide news content for this news channel.

The untiring exhaustive coverage of the Kargil war between India and Pakistan gained more publicity and attracted more viewers towards the electronic channel. This televised conflict also sets a news benchmark for wartime journalism. During the Kargil war, common citizens witnessed how their brave Jawans fought despite in hostile conditions and watched the war front live by the exclusively news channels, Star-TV and Zee-News. The live coverage of the battlefield helped to create a euphoria of patriotism among the Indian masses, which later facilitated into collecting huge funds for the welfare of the families of Kargil martyrs. Every news programme draws the attention of large number of viewers but Kargil war attracts private broadcasters to invest more money in the broadcasting business by launching a news channel. In November 1999, TV18 entered into a 49:51 joint venture with CNBC Asia to launch CNBC India. TV18 is the sole program provider to CNBC India, and produces 12 hours of local content per day on this 24-hour satellite channel.

After the huge success of news programme ‘Aaj Tak’, TV Today group launched a 24-hour Hindi news channel with the same name ‘Aaj Tak’, in December 2000, which covers India with insight, courage and plenty of local flavour. Within 11 months of its launch, Aaj Tak emerged as India’s number one news channel and was awarded Best News Channel award from Indian Television Academy Awards. Some mega events apart from regular interesting items (such as Kandhahar hijack, September 11 attacks, Afghanistan war, attack on Parliament, Iraq war, Godhra carnage and riots) have driven up the viewership. As time passed, NDTV’s five years contract with Star group for outsourcing of news and related programming expired on March 2003. With the expiry NDTV forayed into broadcasting business by simultaneously launching two 24-hour news channels; NDTV 24X7 – English news channel and NDTV India – Hindi news channel, which targets the Indian diaspora across the world. News crazy Indians received more news at faster speed from different channels. Any unusual happening can be caught by the television camera anywhere form Rastrapati Bhawan to bedroom. The power of TV journalism was become more visible by the major sting operations like Operation West End and Shakti Kapoor Case. This style of investigative journalism has brought about a change in the way we look at news, amidst new notions of editorial freedom. The world’s largest family ‘Sahara India Parivar’ launched a 24-hour national Hindi news channel, Sahara Samay, in March 28, 2003. It is the first ever city-centric satellite news channels covering 31 cities in India with their own city news bulletins. Keeping the demand of news in mind, the Union cabinet approved the proposal to convert the DD Metro to DD news in a meeting held on 3 October 2003. Consequent to these decisions, DD-News channel was launched on 3 November 2003. You might have noticed that the news channels are language specific. But DD’s news channel contains the round the clock news bulletins in Hindi/ English are also telecast twice a day on the National Network of DD National.

‘Aap Ki Adalat’ fame Rajat Sharma, Sohaib Ilyasi, the man behind the highly successful ‘India's Most Wanted’ and Taun Tejpal, editor-in-chief of Tehelka roped together and launched a free-to-air Hindi news and current affairs channel India TV on May 20, 2004. Indian viewers had more expectations from this channel. The much-awaited news channel hopes to set itself apart from the existing ones by setting new benchmarks of responsible journalism. Speaking on the occasion of the launch, Rajat Sharma, chairman, India TV, said, “We aim to change the way broadcast news reporting is being conducted in the country. India TV will set new benchmarks by maintaining international standards of responsible and credible news reporting. We will stay away from graphic depictions of violence and sensationalism of news. We will uphold the viewer's right to correct information and their right to truth and verity. India TV is not just a news channel, it is a movement.” NDTV as a pioneer in Indian television news, set to create a fresh revolution in high-quality business news with the launch of NDTV Profit. NDTV launched this 24-hour business channel on January 17th, 2005.

There is no saturation point in launching of news channel, just booming like sky as the limit. Entertainment channel to infotainment channel, infotainment channel to news channel, news channels to business channel and Business channel to lots more. Now the satellite channels become more topicality with international standard. When we are talking about topicality, CNBC TV18, the only business channel, continues to be the medium of choice for India’s decision makers, affluent audiences across the country since 1999. It has set the pace for the growth in number of television channels by launching a 24-hour consumer channel in Hindi called ‘ Awaaz’. This news channel focusses on empowering consumers on decision-making related to investment, saving and spending. All the programmes are catering to consumers across different walks of life, which included personal finance; variety of markets including commodity, stocks, savings etc.; small businesses; education & career guidance; and verticals like health, shopping etc.

Another news channel was finally launched into the already cluttered news space in Indian television. Jagran TV Pvt Limited's news channel, Channel 7 up-linked to the air on 27 March 2005. The channel has been set up to cater to the vast Hindi-speaking audiences, already being targeted by a slew of news channels. Channel 7 developed every programme with a bid to cater to all types of audiences and not just pre-dominantly male audiences who get attracted towards news channels.

Regional Leaders

To cater the interest among the Indians, Doordarshan televises programmes in Hindi and associate Official languages. It has launched a number of Regional Language Satellite Channels (DD - 4 to DD - 11 and DD - 13) and telecast programmes in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Malayalam, Marathi, Kannada, Telugu, Kashmiri, Oriya and Tamil. The Regional channels relayed by all terrestrial transmitters in the state and additional programmes in the Regional Language in prime time and non-prime time available only through cable operators. The Doordarshan regional satellite channels telecast major news programme with some entertainment programmes.

If you think about the private regional channels, they have followed the path of the Big brother (i.e Doordarshan). They are neither completely entertainment channel nor exclusively news channel. They are following the middle path and claiming themselves an infotainment channels. The private channels televise through the state dominant languages. Rising advertising revenues and increasing numbers of viewers have provided the impetus for many big players to enter into the business. Some regional media leaders like ETV, Sun TV, Asianet have a strong grip over the regional market. Some major players tried their luck in different states. Zee television has three regional channels; Zee Marathi, Zee Punjabi and Zee Bangla. Star Network entered into Tamilnadu by launching Star Vijay, one of the most popular entertainment channels in India broadcasting in Tamil. Besides that ETV Network is a part of the well-established Ramoji Group, has created 12 dedicated infotainment regional channels. ETV network is the source of rich entertainment of eight different languages. Those are: Telugu, Bangla, Marathi, Kannada, Oriya, Gujarati, Urdu; and Hindi to viewers in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. Every ETV Network channel focuses exclusively on its audience’s unique cultural identity, its aspirations and its distinct socio-political character. Let us think about the south Indian language Telugu, there are around twelve satellite channels are roaming around the sky with different taste and different flavour. These channels include three news channels, one song-based channels and rest are infotainment channels. When we confine ourselves into news, three channels (ETV2, TV 9 and Teja News) exclusively devoted to news programmes.

Sahara India Pariwar is proud to have five news channels as the bouquet of Sahara Samay. These channels are: Sahara Samay NCR, Sahara Samay Mumbai, Sahara Samay Bihar & Jharkhand, Sahara Samay Madhya Pradesh & Chattisgarh, and Sahara Samay Uttar Pradesh & Uttranchal. Sahara Samay has already managed to gain a loyal audience in India through a bouquet of National & Regional News Channels since its launch. These channels are youthful and vibrant channels targeting students and women, besides that hardcore news stuff. The regional news channels covers the entire spectrum of genre with specific programs on lifestyle, fashion, food, shopping, health and fitness, sports, education, career and city issues, besides giving user-friendly information on traffic updates, city events, train and air timings, etc. Now national news channels cannot confine its boundary to national level. They cannot ignore the regional news because of the stiff competition form the regional cannels. Regional news channels are entering into the competition with a strong will power and also with an aim to portrait regional issues in national and international level.

Conclusion

Now the television industry becomes more specific. In this competitive market, channels are targeting specific viewers. News channels attract more viewers beyond their target by producing interactive and interesting programmes. Every channel needs to do an extensive research on different concepts and different themes to attract more viewers and in the same time more advertisers. After all, advertisements are the bread and butter for the channels. With increased consumer preference for news programmes, television news channels have grown faster than other niche channels. News channels are booming just like sky as the limit. Those days are not far away, when we will get satellite news channel for every major city in India. Staying in abroad, we can update ourselves about all the happening of our hometown. Now news is not restricted to political happenings. It will be extended its limit to every unwanted and hided corners of the society. At last we can reach in the conclusion that anything, which is strange or disgusting, is news. There are no rigid rules, which defines news.

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The author is a media researcher in Journalism Department of ICFAI University. He has five years experience in electronic media in the field of Public Relations and Media Relations. His qualifications include a Master in Journalism and Mass Communication, had special paper Advertising and Public Relations.